Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators - Based Smart Infrastructureand IoT Applications

Abstract

With the rapid development of today’s infrastructure networks, there is now a greater need than ever for self-reliant systems capable of reducing reliance on human intervention and maintenance. Current methods used in smart infrastructure rely on energy-consuming sensors, which can pose problems related to their limited lifespans, high maintenance costs, and scalability. Although wireless technologies have made it possible to monitor and control operations in real time, their dependence on power systems remains problematic. In this context, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) serve as a viable solution by capturing mechanical energy to power self-powered sensing devices. The current review presents a comprehensive analysis of smart infrastructure systems that use TENGs as an energy source for applications in smart buildings, transportation, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. In contrast to other studies, which primarily concentrate on developments in materials and devices, this study focuses on TENG-based smart infrastructure and its applications. Major challenges and possible solutions are also presented. Overall, this review highlights the transition from battery-dependent systems toward potentially autonomous and low-maintenance smart infrastructure, while discussing the remaining scientific and engineering challenges that must be addressed before widespread practical deployment.