Regenerative Braking and Rapid Acceleration System for Electric Vehicles Using Integrated Battery and Supercapacitor

Abstract

This research explores the integration of bat teries and supercapacitors in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs), leveraging their complementary characteristics. The proposed system aims to enhance vehicle acceleration, battery safety, and efficiency of the regenerative braking system (RBS). A novel regenerative braking and rapid acceleration system is introduced, driven by a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. During regenerative braking, the BLDC functions as a generator, transferring energy to either the supercapacitor or the battery based on specified current requirements and storage system capabili ties. Harvested energy improves acceleration and prevents deep discharging of the battery during uphill driving or rapid charging during downhill or high braking situations. The supercapacitor plays a crucial role due to its efficient charging, energy storage during braking, and rapid en ergy release during acceleration. PID controllers and power electronic switches manage power distribution for reliable braking and acceleration, while a PI controller adjusts braking current as per torque needs. Extensive simulations and experiments validate the efficacy of the proposed system, affirming its capability for high-performance operation in real-world scenarios.