Multi objective queue theory based optimal planning of rapid charging stations and distributed generators in coupled transportation and distribution network

Abstract

The environment is adversely affected by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from conventional combustion engines. In this regard, electric vehicles (EVs) are a viable transportation option that benefit the environment in reducing GHG emissions. Although the installation of rapid charging stations (RCSs) helps to promote EVs, installing these at improper locations in the distribution network worsens the voltage profile, increases power loss, and energy loss while travelling from EV's current location to RCS. Furthermore, RCS installa tion cost and waiting time at RCS need to be considered. Therefore, a two stage optimal planning is proposed in this article to address the issues stated above. In the first stage, simultaneous optimal planning of RCS and distributed generators is done to minimize active power loss, voltage deviation, EV user cost and to maximize voltage stability index. In the second stage, optimal num ber of connectors are decided to minimize the installation cost and waiting time in queue at RCS. Here, M1=M2=C queuing model is considered to deter mine the waiting time. A test network of coupled IEEE 33 bus distribution sys tem and transport network is proposed to validate the proposed methodology. Multi objective Rao algorithm (MORA) is used to solve the formulated optimi zation problems, and results are compared with non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) algorithm.